{"id":49,"date":"2024-03-28T19:22:43","date_gmt":"2024-03-28T19:22:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/?p=49"},"modified":"2025-05-14T05:49:38","modified_gmt":"2025-05-14T03:49:38","slug":"docker-hacking","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/2024\/03\/28\/docker-hacking\/","title":{"rendered":"Docker Hacking"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Since 2013,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.docker.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Docker<\/a>&nbsp;has been a game changer in different IT industries in several ways, it gave both developers and users a lot of flexibility for developping and using many apps and operating systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Firstly<\/strong>, Docker containers provide isolation and portability for software applications. By encapsulating an application and its dependencies within a container, developers can ensure consistent behavior across different environments. This eliminates the notorious \u201cworks on my machine\u201d problem and streamlines the deployment process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Secondly<\/strong>, Docker enables the deployment of containers in clusters, managed by frameworks like Google\u2019s Kubernetes. This approach allows for the separation of application code and infrastructure, facilitating highly resilient and elastic architectures. Container clustering is particularly beneficial for microservices-based applications, as it promotes scalability and fault tolerance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lastly<\/strong>, Docker containers offer a higher layer of abstraction for application deployment. They simplify the process of configuring, saving, and sharing server environments. With Docker, installing an application or large software can be as easy as running a few commands. This ease of use enhances productivity and accelerates development cycles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While Docker has gained significant popularity in recent years, it does introduce some complexity to the development process, but also some weakness if you enable the remote access and use it with default settings. An attacker can then be&nbsp;<strong>root<\/strong>&nbsp;in a second, as we\u2019ll see below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"remote-access-for-docker-daemon\"><strong>Remote access for Docker daemon<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want to work remotely on a container, it\u2019s possible to&nbsp;<strong>configure Docker<\/strong>&nbsp;to accept requests from a remote host as explained on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.docker.com\/engine\/security\/protect-access\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">this page from the Docker documention<\/a>. Even if the documentation explains how to protect Docker by creating&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.docker.com\/engine\/install\/linux-postinstall\/#manage-docker-as-a-non-root-user\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a non-root user<\/a>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.docker.com\/engine\/security\/protect-access\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">protecting the daemon socket<\/a>&nbsp;for example, a lot of remotely accessible containers are used with the default configuration, accessible on&nbsp;<strong>port 2375<\/strong>, but also on&nbsp;<strong>port 2376 for TLS<\/strong>&nbsp;using a&nbsp;<strong>root account<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"find-these-containers-on-shodan\"><strong>Find these containers on Shodan<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>By searching for&nbsp;<code>product:docker port:2375<\/code>&nbsp;on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/shodan.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Shodan<\/a>, we can see that many servers hosting containers with the&nbsp;<strong>port 2375<\/strong>&nbsp;open.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.github.io\/assets\/images\/2023-09-19-docker-hacking\/shodan-results.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"411\" height=\"472\" src=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/shodan-short-results-docker-port-2375.png\" alt=\"Shodan results showing Docker containers with port 2375 open and countries in the top 5 \" class=\"wp-image-51\" title=\"Shodan results for docker port 2375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/shodan-short-results-docker-port-2375.png 411w, https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/shodan-short-results-docker-port-2375-261x300.png 261w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 411px) 100vw, 411px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Because Shodan\u2019s free accounts provide limited results (2 pages), you can increase the number of available results by filtering and specifying alternatively different countries by adding&nbsp;<code>country=XX<\/code>&nbsp;where&nbsp;<code>XX<\/code>&nbsp;represents the country code:&nbsp;<code>\u201ccountry=US\u201d<\/code>&nbsp;for USA,&nbsp;<code>\u201ccountry=UK\u201d<\/code>&nbsp;for United Kingdom,&nbsp;<code>\u201ccountry=CN\u201d<\/code>&nbsp;for China, etc\u2026 Complete list on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/obp\/ui\/#search\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">iso.org<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.github.io\/assets\/images\/2023-09-19-docker-hacking\/shodan-search.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1184\" height=\"982\" src=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/shodan-short-results-docker-port-2375-and-technical-details.png\" alt=\"Shodan results showing Docker containers with 2375 port open and some detail for a few servers. The first one in highlighted in a red rectangle, it will be the target in this post\" class=\"wp-image-55\" title=\"More detailed Shodan results for Docker port 2375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/shodan-short-results-docker-port-2375-and-technical-details.png 1184w, https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/shodan-short-results-docker-port-2375-and-technical-details-300x249.png 300w, https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/shodan-short-results-docker-port-2375-and-technical-details-1024x849.png 1024w, https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/shodan-short-results-docker-port-2375-and-technical-details-768x637.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1184px) 100vw, 1184px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"analyse-the-server-before-attacking-optional\"><strong>Analyse the server before attacking (Optional)<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>When you use Docker remotely, you can use the usual options listed on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.docker.com\/engine\/reference\/commandline\/dockerd\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">this page<\/a>. The difference is you need to spocify the host with the \u201c<code>-H<\/code>\u201d parameter. We will check first the&nbsp;<strong>Docker<\/strong>&nbsp;version installed by using the \u201c<code>--version<\/code>\u201d option on the first server listed on Shodan in the previous section. Then, we can list&nbsp;<strong>all images<\/strong>&nbsp;installed and available with the&nbsp;<code>images<\/code>&nbsp;parameter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.github.io\/assets\/images\/2023-09-19-docker-hacking\/docker-version-images.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"645\" height=\"273\" src=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-7.png\" alt=\"Linux ternimal showing the Docker version and images available on the target selected in the previous step\" class=\"wp-image-56\" title=\"Docker version and images on the chosen victim\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-7.png 645w, https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-7-300x127.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 645px) 100vw, 645px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"launch-the-attack\"><strong>Launch the attack<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>For listing every process actually running, you will use the \u201c<code>ps<\/code>\u201d parameter. You can see the operating system running on the container, its&nbsp;<strong>uptime<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>size<\/strong>, and espacially its&nbsp;<strong>image ID<\/strong>&nbsp;which we will use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.github.io\/assets\/images\/2023-09-19-docker-hacking\/docker-ps.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1089\" height=\"446\" src=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-4.png\" alt=\"Linux terminal showing process list on the selected Docker container using the ps command\" class=\"wp-image-53\" title=\"Processes running on the selected Docker container\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-4.png 1089w, https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-4-300x123.png 300w, https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-4-1024x419.png 1024w, https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-4-768x315.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1089px) 100vw, 1089px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s try the first one, running&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ubuntu.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ubuntu<\/a>. After&nbsp;<code>docker -H IP_ADDRESS<\/code>, we can select a container with the \u201c<code>exec<\/code>\u201d parameter, then add the \u201c<code>-it<\/code>\u201d options for an interactive shell (\u201c<code>i<\/code>\u201d for&nbsp;<strong>interactive<\/strong>&nbsp;and \u201c<code>t<\/code>\u201d for&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tty_(Unix)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tty<\/a>), and the&nbsp;<strong>image ID<\/strong>. Finally, we can write what do we want to use on this container, here \u201c<code>\/bin\/bash<\/code>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.github.io\/assets\/images\/2023-09-19-docker-hacking\/docker-exec.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"995\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-3.png\" alt=\"Linux terminal showing the attack allowing us to start a new session on the Docker container and execute the uname command for checking the Ubuntu version\" class=\"wp-image-52\" title=\"Attack launched for getting a shell on the vulnerable Docker container\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-3.png 995w, https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-3-300x50.png 300w, https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-3-768x129.png 768w, https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-3-990x167.png 990w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 995px) 100vw, 995px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>After a few seconds,&nbsp;<strong>we are root<\/strong>. No credentials, no confirmation, nothing. Just :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cHello that\u2019s me!<br>-OK, please come and do whatever you want\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, maybe you\u2019ll need more tools. To install them, you\u2019ll probably need&nbsp;<strong>wget<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>curl<\/strong>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<strong>git<\/strong>. On this container,&nbsp;<strong>curl<\/strong>&nbsp;is not available, you can install it with:&nbsp;<code>apt install curl -y<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.github.io\/assets\/images\/2023-09-19-docker-hacking\/curl-install.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"947\" height=\"268\" src=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-1.png\" alt=\"Linux terminal showing that the curl command is not available, installing it\" class=\"wp-image-50\" title=\"Install curl on the Docker container\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-1.png 947w, https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-1-300x85.png 300w, https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-1-768x217.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 947px) 100vw, 947px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Same for&nbsp;<strong>wget<\/strong>:&nbsp;<code>apt install wget -y<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.github.io\/assets\/images\/2023-09-19-docker-hacking\/wget-install.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"927\" height=\"264\" src=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-8.png\" alt=\"Linux terminal showing that the wget command is not available, installing it\" class=\"wp-image-57\" title=\"Install wget on the Docker container\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-8.png 927w, https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-8-300x85.png 300w, https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-8-768x219.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 927px) 100vw, 927px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<strong>git<\/strong>&nbsp;command is already available, on this container. If not available you can install it with:&nbsp;<code>apt install git -y<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.github.io\/assets\/images\/2023-09-19-docker-hacking\/git-help.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"672\" height=\"163\" src=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-5.png\" alt=\"Linux terminal showing that the git command is already available\" class=\"wp-image-54\" title=\"git command already installed on the Docker container\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-5.png 672w, https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-5-300x73.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-gray-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b64b299916f16a4cdf9afc430ae7239f\">You can now imagine what a malicious attacker can do with all of these, like launching a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Denial-of-service_attack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DDoS attack<\/a>&nbsp;executed from this container,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nmap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">scanning<\/a>&nbsp;anonymously any sensitive server and coming back later to download results, creating a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phishing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">phishing attack<\/a>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clickjacking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">clickjacking webpage<\/a>, etc\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If your Docker containers are remotely accessible, please check the security section in the official documentation and make it secure:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.docker.com\/engine\/security\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/docs.docker.com\/engine\/security\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>This post was initially posted on my previous blog hosted on Github: <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.github.io\/posts\/docker-hacking\/\">Docker hacking | cryptrz<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Since 2013,&nbsp;Docker&nbsp;has been a game changer in different IT industries in several ways, it gave both developers and users a lot of flexibility for developping and using many apps and<a href=\"https:\/\/cryptrz.org\/wordpress\/2024\/03\/28\/docker-hacking\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"readmore\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Docker Hacking<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[8,9],"tags":[17,13,14,15],"class_list":["post-49","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hacking","category-security","tag-containers","tag-docker","tag-shodan","tag-tutorial"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to get access to a docker container<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Many Docker containers are remotely accessible as root and not secure. 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